Threat Models That Never Go Stale.

The /api/webhooks/stripe endpoint processes incoming Stripe events without validating the Stripe-Signature header against the webhook secret. An attacker can POST forged events to trigger payment state transitions — including marking invoices as paid — without a valid Stripe signature.

Remediation: Validate every incoming webhook with stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(body, sig, secret) before processing. Return HTTP 400 on signature failure.

The amount field is set in the browser and passed to /api/payments/create without re-deriving it from the server-side cart. A user can intercept and modify the request to pay an arbitrary amount, including zero.

Remediation: Derive payment amount server-side from the authenticated session's cart state. Treat all client-supplied amounts as untrusted input.

Payment requests to /api/payments do not require or validate an idempotency key. Replaying a captured valid request will create duplicate charges. Under high network latency or retry logic, this can cause double-billing.

Remediation: Require a client-generated Idempotency-Key header on all payment creation requests. Store keys with a TTL; reject duplicate keys within the window.

Payment failure responses include raw error objects from the Stripe SDK, exposing internal field names, stack trace fragments, and processor-specific error codes to the client.

Remediation: Catch Stripe errors server-side and return normalised error responses. Log full error detail server-side only. Never forward raw SDK exceptions to the client.